If the French Supposer Hypothesizes, Add Subjunctive

When  supposer  (to  suppose or to assume) is used with a dependent clause beginning with  que, the dependent clause may use a subjunctive verb, depending on how supposer is used. When it expresses an assumption, no:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je suppose quil le fait.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I assume that he is doing it. When the subject is presenting a hypothesis, yes:      Supposons quil le fasse.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lets suppose that he does it. Supposer que joins a long list of similar verbs and expressions of doubt, possibility, supposition, and opinion; they all also need the subjunctive in the  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹que  subordinate clause. Supposer and Supposer Que Supposer que,  when used to express an hypothesis,  fulfills the subjunctives underlying requirement  of  expressing actions or ideas that are subjective or otherwise uncertain. As with  this use of supposer  que,  the French subjunctive  is nearly always found in dependent clauses introduced by  que  or  qui, and the subjects of the dependent and main clauses are usually different, as in:      Je veux que tu le fasses.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I want you to do it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Il faut que nous partions.  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is necessary that we leave. French Verbs and Expressions Similar to Supposer Que Here are other verbs and expressions that, like  supposer que,  can communicate  doubt, possibility, supposition, and opinion. They all require the subjunctive in the dependent clause that  begins with  que.  There are many other types of constructions that need the French subjunctive as well, which are explained and listed in the full-on  subjunctivator  (our term). accepter que   to acceptsattendre à   ce que  Ã‚  to expect thatchercher ... qui*  Ã‚  to look fordà ©tester que  Ã‚  to hate thatdouter que**  Ã‚  to doubt thatil est convenable que  Ã‚  it is proper/fitting/appropriate thatil est douteux que**  Ã‚  it is doubtful thatil est faux que  Ã‚  it is false thatil est impossible que  Ã‚  it is impossible thatil est improbable que  Ã‚  it is improbable thatil est juste que  Ã‚  it is right/fair thatil est possible que  Ã‚  it is possible thatil est peu probable que  Ã‚  it is not very likely  thatil nest pas certain que  Ã‚  it is not certain thatil nest pas clair que  Ã‚  it is not clear thatil nest pas à ©vident que  Ã‚  it is not obvious thatil nest pas exact que  Ã‚  it is not correct thatil nest pas probable que  Ã‚  it is unlikely thatil nest pas sà »r que  Ã‚  it is not certain thatil nest pas vrai que  Ã‚  it is not true thatil semble que  Ã‚  it seems thatil se peut que  Ã‚  it may be thatle fait que  Ã‚  the fact thatnier que***  Ã‚  to deny thatrefuser que  Ã‚  to refusesupposer que  Ã‚  to suppose / assume; to hypothesize *When you are looking for someone who may not exist, this indicates doubt and therefore requires the subjunctive in the dependent clause:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Je cherche un homme qui sache la và ©rità ©.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Im looking for a man who knows the truth. **These do not take the subjunctive when they are used negatively:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Je doute quil vienne. I  doubt hes coming.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je ne doute pas quil vient.   I dont doubt hes coming. ***When  nier  is in the negative, its followed by the the more formal ne explà ©tif, which uses only ne  (without pas).      Il na pas nià © quelle ne soit partie.  Ã‚  Ã‚  He didnt deny that she left. Additional Resources The SubjunctivatorQuiz: Subjunctive or indicative?

Long-term Effects of European Colonization on Africa Essay

Africa has had a long and tumultuous road of colonization and decolonization the rush to colonize Africa started in the 17th century with the discovery of the vast amounts of gold, diamonds, and rubber with colonization hitting a fever pitch during World War I. However, the repercussions of colonization have left deep wounds that still remain unhealed in the 21st century. Early on, European nations such as Britain, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Germany and Belgium scrambled for territories. Countries wanted land so they could harvest the resources, increase trade, and gain power. The European colonization of Africa brought racism, civil unrest, and insatiable greed; all of which have had lasting impacts on Africa. Along with the power of†¦show more content†¦The Natives Land Act passed in 1913, barred whites and Africans from owning land in the same area. Africans, who made up two-thirds of the population, were given only 7.5 percent of the land while whites, who were the mino rity, were given the majority (92.5 percent) of the land to own (The Kwaito Generation, 2010). Apartheid, which means separateness, was officially declared in 1948 even though separateness had been happening all along. The racial atrocities continued into the 1950’s as facilities became segregated under the Reservation of Separate Amenities. Most of the time, the segregated facilities were sub-standard. August of 2005 brought about the â€Å"official† end of apartheid’s separateness. However, the practice of racism has been hard to change. Stereotypes still exist while Africans strive for equality after centuries of oppression. In April 2010, police had to use barbed wire to separate Africans and whites outside of a courthouse in South Africa that were rioting as two murderers appeared for the first time in public. These murderers were accused of murdering an extremely conservative, white supremacist leader over a wage dispute. Ironically, the slain leader, Euge ne Terreblanche, had been convicted of attempted murder and served only three years and fours months for the charge in 1996. Racial tensions remain very high as whites learn to overcome the prejudicial tendencies that have been imprinted within them. The colonization of Africa started a disastrousShow MoreRelatedEuropean Nations And The Colonization Of Africa1492 Words   |  6 PagesAs we know so far, Africa has a long history of being faced with Conquest, Colonization, and Military Invasions from Europe since the early 1970’s and up to the 1900’s. Many were standing against the idea of being captured or colonized by these Europeans leaders and countries. The only two countries that have not been touched or colonized by Europe is Ethiopia and Liberia, unfortunately (Fortunately). 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One story of how a preacherRead MoreThe Effects of Westernization Essay example934 Words   |  4 PagesAsia, Africa, and Latin America have all been influenced by the transmission of Western cultural values through direct as well as indirect contact. By means of colonization Asia, Africa and Latin America were particularly affected as Western values were enforced upon the populations by colonial assault. During this era traditional cultural pursuits declined and stagnated in the face of Western conquests. The attitude is much the same now as it was then, â€Å"However disagreeable the â€Å"medicine† may

By 2020 the world’s population could well have doubled to around 12 billion people Free Essays

By 2020 the world’s population could well have doubled to around 12 billion people. Are there just too many people in the world, or is it a question of a better and fairer distribution of the world’s resources?† The question is asking if there are too few resources available for the increasing population, or if there are just too many people in the world. The keywords in the question are population and resources. We will write a custom essay sample on By 2020 the world’s population could well have doubled to around 12 billion people or any similar topic only for you Order Now By population, the question is referring to the number of people in the world and by resources; it is asking if there are enough natural assets, such as water, food, oxygen and space. The problems caused by an increasing population include the depletion of natural resources, such as non-renewable energy supplies, and food supplies. Currently resources, and population are very unevenly spread and most supplies occur in areas where they are not needed. Mankind has reached the point of the exponential curve. Earths population doubled in the 40-year period from 1960 to 2000, from 3 billion to 6 billion. In the last two years, the population has grown another third of a billion people. That offers the possibility of a doubling time of only 27 years to reach 12 billion. Partly as a result of this, it is reported that 420 million people live in countries that no longer have enough cropland to grow their own food. They have to rely on imports. The reduction of cropland could be caused by an increase in pollution, creating negative effects on the environment, or it could be due to the expansion of urban areas due to an increasing population. A quarter of the developing world’s cropland is being degraded, and the rate is increasing. The greatest threat may not be shortage of land, but a shortage of water. More than half a billion people live in areas prone to droughts. In the next twenty years, that number will increase five times, to between 2.4 billion and 3.4 billion people. Currently, that means half of Earth’s population will run out of water within 20 years. It is impossible to farm animals and grow crops without water, which will therefore lead to a decrease in food availability, especially in areas already suffering from famines. A recent report, released by the World Watch Institute, declares that, â€Å"Mining consumes 10% of the world’s energy, spews out toxic emissions, and threatens 40% of the world’s undeveloped forests.† These effects could be drastically reduced but, unfortunately, governments are not moving quick enough to stem the tide. This indicates that it is suspected that a major contributing factor to the problem is the attitudes of people. Very few governments are taking radical measures in an attempt to prevent the foreseen problems of the future. The reason for this is that because the problems are not yet taking a huge effect, by the time the effect becomes apparent it will be too late, and any attempts at solving the problem will be useless. One of the great challenges for governments is to help their poorest citizens feel secure in their own homes, make a living and improve their environment. Around 1.2 billion people live in absolute poverty – surviving on less than a dollar a day. As populations spiral upward, the underground water tables are dropping. Many regions face severe drought. Deserts are growing. Forests are being cut down and the land they leave behind is wasting away. Since forty percent of all vegetable and grain food supplies come from irrigated land, a failing water supply creates sever food shortages. Many countries are facing water shortages in the twenty-first century, especially India, whose population passed one billion in May 2002. They are currently expanding by 18 million per year. Water withdrawals now double the environments ability to re-supply. Half of India’s grain harvest comes from irrigated land. World Watch reports, â€Å"In a country where 53 percent of all children are already malnourished and underweight, a shrinking harvest could increase hunger-related deaths.† Another threat is shrinking croplands. Some nations already depend almost entirely upon imported food. Eventually, the food will simply not be available to those nations. First, increased costs will drain those nations of their economic cash flows, and one day, the exporting nations will not be able to supply food at any price. Among the countries where shrinking croplands threaten food supplies are Nigeria, Ethiopia, and Pakistan. Nigerias population will increase from its present 111 million to a estimated 244 million by 2050, while its grain-land per person will stay the same. That means each person will have less than half the current supply. Pakistan is expected to grow from its current 146 million to 345 million by 2050. By that time, each person will be dependent upon a piece of grain-land the size of a tennis court. Japan, South Korea and Taiwan already import 70 percent of their grain. Water supplies are fixed by nature. They cannot be increased. On the other hand, an ever-increasing population can deplete them. This is also true of croplands. I feel that although an increasing population is having a drastically negative effect upon the depletion of the world’s resources, and that resources are clearly unfairly distributed. It is the richest and relatively most sparsely populated countries, particularly Western Europe and America that receive the highest share of the world’s natural resources. This is because they are the richest countries and can therefore afford to grow their own resources as well as import others, yet offer very little money for them. The effect this has is that the worlds resources are being unfairly relocated into the richest countries where it could be claimed that they are being wasted. It is clear that the richest countries currently have an excess of resources that they could share across the world to help combat the problem stated by the question. The problem with this is that it is non-profitable and the countries would lose a lot of money, which in a materialistic world is more important than tackling issues of poverty and malnutrition. How to cite By 2020 the world’s population could well have doubled to around 12 billion people, Papers

Corporate Finance Qantas Airways Ltd

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Finance for Qantas Airways Ltd. Answer: Introduction: The terminology market value is also popularly acknowledged as the market capitalization of an openly traded firm. This is commonly accomplished by the multiplication of the total numbers of outstanding shares with the recent value of the shares. The market price of a firm represents as an excellent pointer of the opinion of the financiers regarding the scenario of the industry. The elevated market price specifies the particular business has a superior valuation. Moreover, it has been noted that the market capitalization for the organization Qantas Airline Company is AUD 6.140 billion (Bloomberg.com 2016). From this value of market capitalization, it can be said that the specified organization Qantas Airline Company has an elevated valuation in the recent competitive market. On the contrary, it can be said from the thorough historical study that the stock price of the organization Qantas Airline Company remained invariable for the entire year, i.e., from the month of September in the year 2015 till at present (September 2016). It has been found that in the last September that is in September 2015, the price of the stock of the particular company was relatively higher that is AUD 4.09 (In.finance.yahoo.com 2016). However, it has been noticed that with the passage of time, the stock price started to reduce constantly for two consecutive months, October and November to AUD 3.83 and AUD 3.53 respectively (In.finance.yahoo.com 2016). Then in the month of December, the stock price certainly increased to AUD 3.97 and again decreased for two consecutively months (In.finance.yahoo.com 2016). During the period of April to June, 2016, the prices of the stocks reduced and then from the month of July of the year 2016, the share prices of the firm Qantas Airline Compa ny started to increase constantly (Qantas2015.reportonline.com.au 2016). At present, the stock price is AUD 3.21 and this indicates the particular organization has a stable progressing financial condition (In.finance.yahoo.com 2016). Due to its both financial and economical reliability, more investors should invest in this firm in order to earn a higher return. Additionally, this increase in the stock price will also increase the valuation of the organization with the passage of time. The debt to profit ratio implies the quantity of liability of an organization with respect to its amount of profit. Therefore, it can be said that the lower ratio is better for the organization. It has been found that for the organization Qantas Airline Company, this ratio is equivalent to 1.49 (Markets.ft.com 2016). It indicates that the specified organization has a healthy financial situation. References Bloomberg.com. 2016.QAN:ASE Stock Quote - Qantas Airways Ltd. [online] Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/QAN:AU [Accessed 19 Sep. 2016]. In.finance.yahoo.com. 2016.QAN.AX Historical Prices | QANTAS FPO Stock - Yahoo! India Finance. [online] Available at: https://in.finance.yahoo.com/q/hp?s=QAN.AXa=08b=1c=2015d=08e=19f=2016g=m [Accessed 19 Sep. 2016]. Markets.ft.com. 2016.Qantas Airways Ltd, QAN:ASX financials - FT.com. [online] Available at: https://markets.ft.com/data/equities/tearsheet/financials?s=QAN:ASX [Accessed 19 Sep. 2016]. Qantas2015.reportonline.com.au. 2016.Qantas2015.reportonline.com.au. [online] Available at: https://qantas2015.reportonline.com.au/system/files_force/downloads/full_qantas_annual_report_2015-1.pdf?download=2 [Accessed 19 Sep. 2016].